To increase his wealth, Horace accepted a job as a Customs House clerk with a yearly salary of $1,500. In 1850, he had become a prosperous land owner and went on to purchase eight slaves for domestic and plantation work. Business was good and Horace was able to buy an 80-acre sugar plantation in Assumption Parish and some land in Texas. He subsequently opened a law practice in New Orleans and worked part time at the Customs House, a business center for cotton, sugar cane and tobacco brokers. Horace graduated with a law degree in 1849. Life proved evermore challenging when young Horace lost his father but the situation was made better when Horace was able to gain admission into the University of Louisiana (now Tulane University). In 1830, times proved challenging across Tennessee so the family uprooted to New Orleans where John became a cotton broker. His father, John, had fought with General Andrew Jackson in the battle of New Orleans against the British in the War of 1812. Horace Lawson Hunley was born to a farming family on December 29th, 1823 in Sumner County, Tennessee. The historical action was recorded during the American Civil War Between the Northern and Southern states with the Hunley - a classified as a submarine boat - serving in the Navy of the Confederate States of America (South). Hunley was the first submarine in history to sink an enemy ship while submerged, this occurring on February 17th, 1864 against the screw sloop USS Housatonic.
The team followed with the Pioneer II or American Diver, built after they relocated to Mobile, Alabama. Pioneer was tested in February 1862 in the Mississippi River, and later was towed to Lake Pontchartrain for additional trials where it successfully managed to sink a schooner, but the Union advance towards New Orleans the following month prompted the men to abandon development and scuttle Pioneer in the New Basin Canal on 25 April 1862. It was equipped with an explosive that would be attached to the hull of an enemy vessel and blown up using a clockwork mechanism. The crew consisted of a pilot and one man to rotate the propeller manually. The Pioneer was thirty feet long and four feet in diameter. It was the first of three submarines financially backed by Hunley (Pioneer, Pioneer II, and Hunley). Hunley, James McClintock, and Baxter Watson built Pioneer in New Orleans, Louisiana. While the United States Navy was constructing its first submarine, USS Alligator, during the American Civil War in late 1861, the Confederates were doing so as well.
Pioneer was the first of three submarines privately developed and paid for by Horace Lawson Hunley, James McClintock, and Baxter Watson. Pioneer full-scale replica on display at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center
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